Histoire ou légende?

Réponse du service Guichet du Savoir

La rumeur court depuis de nombreuses années déjà et c'est le site américain snopes.com, spécialiste des fausses informations, qui a planché sur la question.

Voici donc le résultat de leur enquête. Il s'agit d'un texte en anglais bien sûr, que vous pourrez traduire (si vous n'êtes pas anglophone) en utilisant la traduction gratuite sur Internet. Elle est gratuite mais automatique, ce qui vous donnera un texte fantaisiste mais qui devrait permettre de comprendre l'essentiel du contenu.

En gros, les évènements ont été amplifiés. Une ou deux personnes seulement, auraient aidé le sportif tombé à se relever. Cela se serait passé en 1976 à Spokane, d'après le "Spécial Olympics Washington office".
La notice wikipedia ne mentionne pas de Jeux olympiques spéciaux à Spokane, ni un tel évènement à une autre date ou autre lieu...

Les origines de l'histoire

The story is more true than not, although its primary point has been grossly exaggerated. According to folks at the Spécial Olympics Washington office, the incident happened at a 1976 track and field event held in Spokane, Washington. A contestant did take a tumble, and one or two of the other athletes turned back to help the fallen one, culminating in their crossing the finish line together, but it was only one or two, not everyone in the event. The others continued to run their race.

The story is thus not about an entire class of "spécial people" who spontaneously tossed aside their own dreams of going for gold in favor of helping a fallen competitor, but rather one about a couple of individuals who chose to go to the aid of another contestant. Unfortunately, this tale as it is now being told helps further a stereotype.

We find comfort in the notion that the disadvantaged are blessed in other ways by a benevolent God who works in mysterious fashion to keep all things in balance, hence our désire to believe deficiencies in intelligence are compensated for by unfailingly sweet natures and a way of looking at the world in childlike wonder. A story about disabled athlètes linked arm-in-arm falls on receptive ears - it fits how we want to see these folks, thus (in a manner akin to a snake biting its tail) works to confirm the validity of the stereotypes we've chosen to adopt.

Our guilt over having more abilities than others have been blessed with is appeased by the belief that the mentally handicapped are better natured or in another way of a higher order. As long as we can believe the scales are being balanced in some inexplicable way, we can feel comfortable with our comparative good fortune.

Such stereotypes - no matter how comforting they are to us - are unfair and dehumanizing. They cast the mentally disabled as angels who smile benevolently from among us instead of as very real people who are every bit as capable of feeling and expressing the same emotions everyone else does. Just as the 19th century belief that woman was of a higher order than base, animalistic man and thus needed to be placed on a pedestal where she could be sheltered from contact with a brutal world kept her from being treated as a person in those times, so does the currently common characterization of the disabled as smiling cherubs who might not be able to talk to us all that clearly but who are constantly whispering in God's ear.

Spécial Olympians train long and hard for their events and are every bit as committed as athletes who compete in any other athletic endeavors. The Special Olympics are not a casual get-together organized to give less fortunate members of the community a day to socialize and perhaps run in a foot race or two - they're highly organized sporting events taken very seriously by all involved, with each competitor striving to do his best. It's about trying. And succeeding.

The Special Olympics oath is "Let me win. But if 1 cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt."
Let us too be brave in our attempts to accept the less-abled for who they are.