déportation des civil polonais, non juifs, au début de la 2
CIVILISATION
+ DE 2 ANS
Le 01/02/2012 à 16h52
985 vues
Question d'origine :
Déportation des civils Polonais, non juifs, au début de la 2 guerre mondiale par les Russes
Avec les frontières de 1939
Importance et nombre de personnes déplacées + le trajet en Russie et pour sortir de la Russie aprés l'entrée en guerre, de la Russie contre l'allemagne (passage par l'afrique)
voir
http://museum.gulagmemories.eu/fr/salle ... -1939-1941
+
http://kresy-siberia.org/muzeum/?lang=en
Réponse du Guichet

Bonjour,
Un certain consensus semble s'être établi autour du chiffre de 1,5 million de Polonais déportés par les Russes, en Russie, pendant la Seconde guerre mondiale.
Seul le Service des archives russes avance un chiffre nettement inférieur.
La proportion juifs/non-juifs n'est pas toujours très précisement déterminée
Quant aux trajets et destinations des déportés, ils sont assez peu mentionnés dans les documents auxquels nous avons eu accès : livres (en français) et sites internet (en anglais).
Livres :
- La pologne de Bernard Barbier :
L’occupation russe de l’est polonais (1939-1941) se traduit par l’élimination de l’élite (par ex. exécution de 15 000 officiers, dont un tiers à Katyn) et par des déportations :1 500 000 polonais sont envoyés à l’est de l’Oural, notamment dans le Kazakhstan.
- La Pologne au XXe siècle d’Henry Rollet :
Le 17 sept 1939 les troupes soviétiques sont entrées en Pologne. Les Allemands ont fait 400 000 prisonniers et les Russes près de 200 000, auxquels s’ajouteront plus tard les troupes internées en Lettonie et en Lituanie.
[…]
La population fait l’objet d’un recensement qui sera utilisé pour les déportations, qui interviennent à partir du début de 1940. En 4 vagues (février, avril, juin 1940, juin 1941),1,5 million de personnes sont transportées dans des conditions inhumaines, souvent meurtrières, en Asie centrale, dont 52% de Polonais et 30% de juifs .
- Histoire de la Pologne de Jerzy Lukowski et Hubert Zawadzki :
En 1940 et 1941,autour d’un million de personnes de toutes classes sociales et de tous groupes ethniques, mais surtout des Polonais et des juifs, furent déportées des territoires d’occupation soviétique vers la Sibérie et l’Asie centrale soviétique [...].
Des dizaines de milliers de gens allaient périr dans les conditions inhospitalières de ces régions ou succomber aux travaux forcés du goulag.
Internet :
- Population transfer in the Soviet Union :
The deportations started with Poles from Belarus, Ukraine and European Russia (see Polish minority in Soviet Union) 1932-1936. Koreans in the Russian Far East were deported in 1937. (See Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union.)
After the Soviet invasion of Poland following the corresponding German invasion that marked the start of World War II in 1939, the Soviet Union annexed eastern parts (known as Kresy to the Polish) of the Second Polish Republic. During 1939-1941 1.45 million people inhabiting the region were deported by the Soviet regime, of whom 63.1% were Poles, and 7.4% were Jews. Previously it was believed that about 1.0 million Polish citizens died at the hands of the Soviets, however recently Polish historians, based mostly on queries in Soviet archives, estimate the number of deaths at about 350,000 people deported in 1939-1945. From the newly conquered Eastern Poland 1.5 million people were deported.
- Poles in the former Soviet Union :
During World War II, after the Soviet invasion of Poland the Soviet Union occupied vast areas of eastern Poland (so called Kresy), and another 5.2-6.5 million Poles (from the total population of about 13,5 million of these territories) were added, with further large-scale deportations to Kazakhstan and other areas.
On March 30, 2004, the head of the Archival Service of Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, General Vasili Khristoforov gave final exact numbers of deported Poles. According to him, in 1940 exactly297,280 Poles were deported, in June 1941 another 40,000 . These numbers do not include P.O.W.s, prisoners, small groups, people who voluntarily moved into the SU, and men drafted into stroybats.
In August 1941, following the German attack on the USSR and the dramatic change in Soviet/Polish relations, former Polish citizens held in special settlements and prisoner of war camps were granted 'amnesty' and allowed to enrol in Polish army units. The location of reception centres was kept secret and no travel facilities provided. Nevertheless, 119,855 Poles were evacuated to Persia (Iran) with General Anders' army, which subsequently fought alongside the Allies in Iran and Italy; 36,150 were transferred to the Polish Army which fought with the Red Army on the Eastern Front and 11,516 are reported to have died in 1941–1943.
The following are cases of direct executions of Poles during the 1939–1941 occupation:
• Katyn massacre 15,000
• executions of prisoners after the German invasion 1941.
After World War II most Poles from Kresy were expelled into Poland, but officially 1.3 million stayed in the USSR. Some of them were motivated by the traditional Polish belief that one day they would become again lawful owners of the land they lived on. Some of them were kept forcefully in. Some simply stayed, without force or ideological reasons. There are reasons to believe that those expelled were happier than those who stayed.
- Poles in Kazakhstan
Poles in Kazakhstan form one portion of the Polish diaspora in the former Soviet Union. Slightly less than half of Kazakhstan's Poles live in the Karaganda region, with another 2,500 in Astana, 1,200 in Almaty, and the rest scattered throughout rural regions.
- Intro to POW in Russia :
Yet now that the war was coming to an end, Poland was not to be a sovereign nation. Instead, Poland was to be raped by the Communists. The Soviets are estimated to have shipped one million Poles to death camps in Siberia. Similar fates greeted the formerly hopeful residents of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania..."
…
The Kresy-Siberia list brings into contact people from countries around the world with a special interest in the tragedy of the1.7 million Polish citizens of various faiths and ethnicities (Polish, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish, etc.) deported from eastern Poland (Kresy) in 1940-42 to special labour camps in Siberia, Kazakhstan and Soviet Asia. Some 115,000 of these were evacuated through Persia in 1942 as soldiers of Anders Army and their families . . .
…
On April 12, 2003, members of Franciscan Environmental Movement opened an exhibition 'Sybir pro momento' about prisoners of soviet labour camps in Siberia [...] The Exhibition contains pictures and other evidence on the deportations of Polish people to Siberia and on soviet concentration camps.
- Soviet purges in eastern Poland and the Baltic countries 1939-1941
In eastern Poland, from 1939 to 1941, the Soviets arrested and sentenced to forced labour 107,140 persons, of whom 23,590 Jews. At the same time four major waves of resettlement were held to purge the eastern regions of “undesirable elements”. Each resettlement operation had a precise target from the outset.
Nous n'en avons pas appris davantage dans les documents suivants :
- Soviet occupation of Poland 1939
- Second invasion
Il est certain qu'une consultation approfondie des archives polonaise et russe permettrait d'éclaicir bien des interrogations : Links to the Most Important Sites on Archival Research.
Un certain consensus semble s'être établi autour du chiffre de 1,5 million de Polonais déportés par les Russes, en Russie, pendant la Seconde guerre mondiale.
Seul le Service des archives russes avance un chiffre nettement inférieur.
La proportion juifs/non-juifs n'est pas toujours très précisement déterminée
Quant aux trajets et destinations des déportés, ils sont assez peu mentionnés dans les documents auxquels nous avons eu accès : livres (en français) et sites internet (en anglais).
- La pologne de Bernard Barbier :
L’occupation russe de l’est polonais (1939-1941) se traduit par l’élimination de l’élite (par ex. exécution de 15 000 officiers, dont un tiers à Katyn) et par des déportations :
- La Pologne au XXe siècle d’Henry Rollet :
Le 17 sept 1939 les troupes soviétiques sont entrées en Pologne. Les Allemands ont fait 400 000 prisonniers et les Russes près de 200 000, auxquels s’ajouteront plus tard les troupes internées en Lettonie et en Lituanie.
[…]
La population fait l’objet d’un recensement qui sera utilisé pour les déportations, qui interviennent à partir du début de 1940. En 4 vagues (février, avril, juin 1940, juin 1941),
- Histoire de la Pologne de Jerzy Lukowski et Hubert Zawadzki :
En 1940 et 1941,
Des dizaines de milliers de gens allaient périr dans les conditions inhospitalières de ces régions ou succomber aux travaux forcés du goulag.
- Population transfer in the Soviet Union :
The deportations started with Poles from Belarus, Ukraine and European Russia (see Polish minority in Soviet Union) 1932-1936. Koreans in the Russian Far East were deported in 1937. (See Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union.)
After the Soviet invasion of Poland following the corresponding German invasion that marked the start of World War II in 1939, the Soviet Union annexed eastern parts (known as Kresy to the Polish) of the Second Polish Republic. During 1939-1941 1.45 million people inhabiting the region were deported by the Soviet regime, of whom 63.1% were Poles, and 7.4% were Jews. Previously it was believed that about 1.0 million Polish citizens died at the hands of the Soviets, however recently Polish historians, based mostly on queries in Soviet archives, estimate the number of deaths at about 350,000 people deported in 1939-1945. From the newly conquered Eastern Poland 1.5 million people were deported.
- Poles in the former Soviet Union :
During World War II, after the Soviet invasion of Poland the Soviet Union occupied vast areas of eastern Poland (so called Kresy), and another 5.2-6.5 million Poles (from the total population of about 13,5 million of these territories) were added, with further large-scale deportations to Kazakhstan and other areas.
On March 30, 2004, the head of the Archival Service of Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, General Vasili Khristoforov gave final exact numbers of deported Poles. According to him, in 1940 exactly
In August 1941, following the German attack on the USSR and the dramatic change in Soviet/Polish relations, former Polish citizens held in special settlements and prisoner of war camps were granted 'amnesty' and allowed to enrol in Polish army units. The location of reception centres was kept secret and no travel facilities provided. Nevertheless, 119,855 Poles were evacuated to Persia (Iran) with General Anders' army, which subsequently fought alongside the Allies in Iran and Italy; 36,150 were transferred to the Polish Army which fought with the Red Army on the Eastern Front and 11,516 are reported to have died in 1941–1943.
The following are cases of direct executions of Poles during the 1939–1941 occupation:
• Katyn massacre 15,000
• executions of prisoners after the German invasion 1941.
After World War II most Poles from Kresy were expelled into Poland, but officially 1.3 million stayed in the USSR. Some of them were motivated by the traditional Polish belief that one day they would become again lawful owners of the land they lived on. Some of them were kept forcefully in. Some simply stayed, without force or ideological reasons. There are reasons to believe that those expelled were happier than those who stayed.
- Poles in Kazakhstan
Poles in Kazakhstan form one portion of the Polish diaspora in the former Soviet Union. Slightly less than half of Kazakhstan's Poles live in the Karaganda region, with another 2,500 in Astana, 1,200 in Almaty, and the rest scattered throughout rural regions.
- Intro to POW in Russia :
Yet now that the war was coming to an end, Poland was not to be a sovereign nation. Instead, Poland was to be raped by the Communists. The Soviets are estimated to have shipped one million Poles to death camps in Siberia. Similar fates greeted the formerly hopeful residents of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania..."
…
The Kresy-Siberia list brings into contact people from countries around the world with a special interest in the tragedy of the
…
On April 12, 2003, members of Franciscan Environmental Movement opened an exhibition 'Sybir pro momento' about prisoners of soviet labour camps in Siberia [...] The Exhibition contains pictures and other evidence on the deportations of Polish people to Siberia and on soviet concentration camps.
- Soviet purges in eastern Poland and the Baltic countries 1939-1941
In eastern Poland, from 1939 to 1941, the Soviets arrested and sentenced to forced labour 107,140 persons, of whom 23,590 Jews. At the same time four major waves of resettlement were held to purge the eastern regions of “undesirable elements”. Each resettlement operation had a precise target from the outset.
Nous n'en avons pas appris davantage dans les documents suivants :
- Soviet occupation of Poland 1939
- Second invasion
Il est certain qu'une consultation approfondie des archives polonaise et russe permettrait d'éclaicir bien des interrogations : Links to the Most Important Sites on Archival Research.
DANS NOS COLLECTIONS :
Ça pourrait vous intéresser :
Commentaires 0
Connectez-vous pour pouvoir commenter.
Se connecter